{"id":10960,"date":"2024-04-13T15:50:10","date_gmt":"2024-04-13T07:50:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/?p=10960"},"modified":"2024-04-13T19:23:41","modified_gmt":"2024-04-13T11:23:41","slug":"water-quality-can-be-tested-by-monitoring","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/water-quality-can-be-tested-by-monitoring\/","title":{"rendered":"ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_50 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/water-quality-can-be-tested-by-monitoring\/#Nguon_o_nhiem_trong_nuoc_uong\" title=\"Ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng\">Ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/water-quality-can-be-tested-by-monitoring\/#Tac_dong_cua_hoat_dong_cong_nghiep_den_chat_luong_nuoc\" title=\"T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 id=\"sources-of-contamination-in-drinking-water-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguon_o_nhiem_trong_nuoc_uong\"><\/span>Ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nCh\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c nhau. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pH-ORP-3500-series-pH-ORP-Online-Meter-Spec.jpg\" alt=\"alt-622\" class=\"wp-image-622\" id=\"i622\" \/><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh, ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, h\u1ecfng b\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh, vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n, vi r\u00fat v\u00e0 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng da v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Resistivity-Controller-5.png\" alt=\"alt-6213\" class=\"wp-image-6213\" id=\"i6213\" \/><br \/>\nM\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 clo trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>CL-810\/9500 B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n clo d\u01b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/td>\n<td>FAC\/HOCL:0-10 mg\/L, NHI\u1ec6T \u0110\u1ed8 ATC:0-50\u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td>\n<td>FAC\/HOCL:0,1 mg\/L, NHI\u1ec6T \u0110\u1ed8 ATC:0,1\u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<td>0\uff5e50\u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn clo d\u01b0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ef7 L\u1ec7 Ch\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea5m N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<td>IP65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Giao ti\u1ebfp<\/td>\n<td>RS485 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea7u ra<\/td>\n<td>4-20mA; \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n r\u01a1le k\u00e9p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Cao\/Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/td>\n<td>CL-810:AC 220V\u00b110 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m 50\/60Hz ho\u1eb7c AC 110V\u00b110 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m 50\/60Hz ho\u1eb7c DC24V\/0,5A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CL-9500:AC 85V-265V\u00b110 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m 50\/60Hz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:0\uff5e50\u2103;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i\u226485 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<td>CL-810:96\u00d796\u00d7100mm(H\u00d7W\u00d7L)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CL-9500:96\u00d796\u00d7132mm(H\u00d7W\u00d7L)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7<\/td>\n<td>92\u00d792mm(H\u00d7W)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 C\u00e0i \u0110\u1eb7t<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00e3 nh\u00fang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\nNgo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m khi di chuy\u1ec3n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn an to\u00e0n cho ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng minh EC-510<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/td>\n<td>0-200\/2000\/4000\/10000uS\/cm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0-18,25M\u03a9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td>\n<td>1,5 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m (FS)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Comp.<\/td>\n<td>B\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<td>B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng 0\uff5e50\u2103; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao 0\uff5e120\u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<td>C=0,01\/0,02\/0,1\/1,0\/10,0cm<sup>-1<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e0n H\u00ecnh LCD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Giao ti\u1ebfp<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea7u ra 4-20mA\/2-10V\/1-5V\/RS485<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea7u ra<\/td>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n r\u01a1le k\u00e9p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Cao\/Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/td>\n<td>AC 220V\u00b110 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m 50\/60Hz ho\u1eb7c AC 110V\u00b110 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m 50\/60Hz ho\u1eb7c DC24V\/0,5A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:0\uff5e50\u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i\u226485 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<td>48\u00d796\u00d7100mm(H\u00d7W\u00d7L)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7<\/td>\n<td>45\u00d792mm(H\u00d7W)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 C\u00e0i \u0110\u1eb7t<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00e3 nh\u00fang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\nNh\u00ecn chung, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"impact-of-industrial-activities-on-water-quality-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac_dong_cua_hoat_dong_cong_nghiep_den_chat_luong_nuoc\"><\/span>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nCh\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3i ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Khi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y sinh, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content-asset videofit\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"flow transmitter controller introduction\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UcaO-fcTnKw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH, oxy h\u00f2a tan, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i th\u1ee7y sinh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 oxy h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh hay kh\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o n\u1edf hoa c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3i ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y, l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00eam n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c truy t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p><div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-10960-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"http:\/\/shchimay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ROC-2315.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/shchimay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ROC-2315.mp4\">http:\/\/shchimay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ROC-2315.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i th\u1ee7y sinh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c nhau. 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