{"id":23042,"date":"2024-08-30T15:03:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T07:03:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/?p=23042"},"modified":"2024-08-31T10:39:45","modified_gmt":"2024-08-31T02:39:45","slug":"theory-of-ph-meter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/theory-of-ph-meter\/","title":{"rendered":"l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111o ph"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_50 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/theory-of-ph-meter\/#Tam_quan_trong_cua_viec_hieu_chuan_trong_cac_phep_do_cua_may_do_pH\" title=\"T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH\">T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/theory-of-ph-meter\/#Tim_hieu_phuong_trinh_Nernst_trong_hoat_dong_cua_may_do_pH\" title=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 id=\"importance-of-calibration-in-ph-meter-measurements-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tam_quan_trong_cua_viec_hieu_chuan_trong_cac_phep_do_cua_may_do_pH\"><\/span>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nM\u00e1y \u0111o pH l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 axit ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion hydro c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1y \u0111o pH l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e1y \u0111o pH \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1y \u0111o pH, m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ec7ch ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Theo th\u1eddi gian, m\u00e1y \u0111o pH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u00e9m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1y \u0111o pH th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 pH ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t nh\u1ecf trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1y \u0111o pH, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u0169ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o trong m\u00e1y \u0111o pH. L\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1y \u0111o pH b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1y \u0111o pH c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t chi ph\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1y \u0111o pH th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e1y \u0111o pH, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u dung d\u1ecbch chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nguy\u00ean theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c m\u00e1y \u0111o pH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e1y \u0111o pH v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/shchimay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/CCT-8301A-Conductivity-Resistivity-Online-Controller2.jpg\" alt=\"alt-3612\" class=\"wp-image-3612\" id=\"i3612\" \/><\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o m\u00e1y \u0111o pH. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1y \u0111o pH th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch chu\u1ea9n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o pH v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"understanding-the-nernst-equation-in-ph-meter-operation-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tim_hieu_phuong_trinh_Nernst_trong_hoat_dong_cua_may_do_pH\"><\/span>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nM\u00e1y \u0111o pH l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 axit ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Walther Nernst, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ion trong dung d\u1ecbch. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y \u0111o pH, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p do \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c pH t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst cho \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c pH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi:<\/p>\n<p>E = E0 + ( 0,05916\/n) * log([H+])<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u:<\/p>\n<p>E l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n<p>E0 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e1y \u0111o oxy h\u00f2a tan DO-810\/1800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/td>\n<td>0-20,00 mg\/L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10,5 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m FS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Comp.<\/td>\n<td>0-60\u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<td>0\uff5e60\u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn oxy h\u00f2a tan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/td>\n<td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e3 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n\/M\u00e0n h\u00ecnh LCD 128*64(DO-1800)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Giao ti\u1ebfp<\/td>\n<td>RS485 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea7u ra<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea7u ra 4-20mA\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n r\u01a1le k\u00e9p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Cao\/Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/td>\n<td>AC 220V\u00b110 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m 50\/60Hz ho\u1eb7c AC 110V\u00b110 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m 50\/60Hz ho\u1eb7c DC24V\/0,5A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:0\uff5e50\u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i\u226485 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<td>96\u00d796\u00d7100mm(H\u00d7W\u00d7L)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7<\/td>\n<td>92\u00d792mm(H\u00d7W)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 C\u00e0i \u0110\u1eb7t<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00e3 nh\u00fang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\nn l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed<\/p>\n<p>[H+] l\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion hydro trong dung d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y \u0111o pH, th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n (E0) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e9p \u0111o. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n (n) trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c pH, v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ion hydro. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion hydro ([H+]) trong dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111o pH.<\/p>\n<p><div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-23042-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"http:\/\/shchimay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/BSQ-2019.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/shchimay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/BSQ-2019.mp4\">http:\/\/shchimay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/BSQ-2019.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>Khi nh\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c pH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi logarit c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ion hydro trong dung d\u1ecbch. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst. M\u00e1y \u0111o pH hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH n\u00e0y, cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 axit ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y \u0111o pH ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o pH v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o pH.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 axit ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nernst, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o pH trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o pH M\u00e1y \u0111o pH l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 axit ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1800,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false},"categories":[200],"tags":[165,166,11579],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.0","language":"vi","enabled_languages":["en","zh","es","de","fr","ru","pt","ar","ja","ko","it","id","hi","th","vi","tr"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"th":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"vi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23042"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23042"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23105,"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23042\/revisions\/23105"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shchimay.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}